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Oct. 30, 1956 E. P. THlAs COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR ll Sheets5heet l Filed Deo. 28, 1953 Oct. 30, 1956 E. P. THlAs 2,769,042

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COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR Filed DeC. 28, 1955 l1 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. .ow/N P. 7?//45 Oct. 30, 1956 E. P. THlAs COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR Filed Dec. 28, 1955 IIE-'-5 E.

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COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR 1l Sheets-Sheet 9 46@ a, Jal

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Oct. 30, 1956 E. P. THlAs COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR ll Sheets-Sheet lO Filed Dec. 28, 1953 IN V EN TOR. ow/N P. Tf1/4s l, l E

Oct. 30, 1956 E. P. THIAS COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR Filed Dec. '28. 1955 ll Sheets-Sheet ll I Ef.. 4D.

MJL/fd@ United States Patent O COMBINATION FREQUENCY SELECTOR Edwin P. Thias, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Standard Coil Products Co., Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of Illinois Application December 28, 1953, Serial No. 400,670

Claims. (Cl. 2006) My present invention relates to television tuners and more particularly it relates to discrete type tuners Voperable in the VHF rand UHF ranges.

In `co-pending Iapplication Serial No, 325,514 tiled December 12, I1952, a discrete type tuner was disclosed comprising two -t-urrets mounted on concentric shafts of which one selected UHF channels, the other VHF channels. A switch was provided so that during UHF reception the VHF section of the tuner would be disconnected from the tuning elements connected to another group of tuning elements Iand would perform as la-n amplitier. When a VHF channel was desired, this switch provided a connecti-on between the tuning elements of the VHF section 4and stationary mounted `elements of the VHF section.'

:In order to select a channel within a given band, UHF or VHF, it was iirst necessary to switch in lthe desired band and then by operation of la second control the individual channel within that band was selected. In addition, tine tuning means were provided in both the UHF and VHF section to tine tune after discrete selection of the desired channel.

In other words, the switch lcontacts must be capable of providing `good electrical connections Iat two different points, one point corresponding to the connection with the VHF tunret, the other point `corresponding to the connection with the auxiliary circuit.

The contact used in the present invention is essentially a long dat spring member channeled in the longitudinal direc-tion land :appropriately preloaded so as to maintain even contact pressure regardless of the Afree position of the contact member itself. The longitudinal channeling on the iiat spring is provided so as to make the spring mem-ber fairly stiif but is not done -through the whole length of each Contact but only up to a predetermined length so that 4the rest of the contact is quite resilient. Because of this construction land the length -of the contact members, it is found that considerably less `fatigue Iof the spring member and less Iresistance to tuning of the turret is encountered lby using this particular shape for the contact members.

The position of the previously mentioned switch was determined by the UHF -turret so that in one position of the UHF turret the switch would take a certain position while in all the other positions of the UHF turret, the switch would take a second position.

The control mechanism of the switch mechanism consists in the present invention of a cam surtace `forming an integral part with the UHF turret engaging ,a cam follower having a shaft positioned so that it can openate the switch to either of its two positions. The cam follower and the shaft are :appropriately biased raga-inst the cam surface, and the cam surface in this particular embodiment has a number of similar notches and two dissimilar notches. One of the -dissimilar notches causes the cam follower and, therefore, the switch structure to take the position corresponding to VHF lreception under all condi- 2,769,042 Patented Get. 30, i956 tions, The other dissimilar notch through operation of `a sliding member may cause the Acam follower and therefore the switch structure to take the position for either VHF or UHF reception.

AIt may 'be necessary a-t this point to recall the `fact that there are 12 VHF channels numbered 2 to 13, inclus-ive, in addition to the UHF channels 14 to 84. The 12 VHF channels occupy 'a frequency range extending from 54 megacycles (challen 2) to 216 megacycles (channel 13). The UHF channels instead occupy a frequency range from 470 to 890 megacycles.

lf then (1) la desired system of tuning is used, that is one in which the television frequency 'range is divided in bands `of `10 channels each, for example, band 3 cornprises channels 30-39 land (2) if the UHF 4and VHF tuning means are different and separate but the same channel positioning means are used for both VHF and UHF channels, and (3) in View of the fact that there are 12 VHF channels, the cam mechanism for operating this switch must be such that i-t will be possi-ble to tune from VHF channel 13 to UHF Ichannel 14 by continuous rotation of `one member without havin-g to operate other control means `for select-ion of the UHF or VHF ranges.

in the present invention a cam surface provides under certain operating conditions a number of positions for its cam follower `and under other operating conditi-ons provides other positions either previously non-existent or similar to the =above-mentioned ones.

Specifically, as disclosed in application Serial No. 329,950, filed November 18, 1953, the cam mechanism consists `of :a cam surface provided, as previously mentioned, in view of the application of this cam `to this particular UHF-VHF tuner, with la number of notches, equal in depth, .and two notches extending more deeply toward the center `of rotation of the cam surface. Actually a cam surface having essentially two diameters wou-ld suffice for the switching operation since one would take care of UHF operation and the other of VHF operation.

Individual notches for the UHF posi-tions permit as described hereinafter a cleaning `action `of the switch contacts.

The cam surface is mounted on the UHF `turret and one of the UH-F notches is made slidable s0 that its position is determined by the angular position of another cam surface, in this case a circul-ar sector, positioned in the interior of the first cam surface and having `as its follower the slidable notch. The second cam surface establishes only two positions to the slidable notch member.

The operation of this cam, when yapplied to the present VHF-UHF tuner, is the following: channels 2-13 are obtained by setting lthe UHF turret in the VHF reception position, and the VH'F turret is then rotated for selection of these VHF channels. In this case the UHF turret is inoperative and the switch contacts engage the VHF turret.

A problem arises when the decade type of dialing is used, that is, when ya dial system is used in which after the -ninth unit digit a new dig-it appears in Ithe tens place. This system is `from the operators point of view the simplest since the operator is generally accustomed to this type of rotation and di-aling.

The problem is essentially this: There are y12 VHF channels numbered from 2 to 13 which require VHF tuning elements, and there are also 7() UHF channels numbered from 14 on which require UHF tuning elements. This means .that part of the channels between channels 10 and 19 are at VHF, part at UHF, and that, accordingly, if one uses VHF tuning elements one can only go up to channel 13 and no further, and if one uses UHF tuning elements he can go only down to channel 14 land no lower. This necessitates the use of individual tuning elements, one for VHF channels 10 to 13, the other for ULF channels 14 to 19 with a switch to disconnect the VHF elements and connect the UHF elements when the operator turns the dial from 113 to 14 and :increases when the Idial is t-urned from 14 to "13.

'vf/aile this switching operation occurs within the tuner, the dial must provide an indication of whether the operator is not tuning in the UHF or VHF region.

In other words, due to the decade system used in UHF, channels numbered -13 would appear in the dial once as VHF and once as UHF channels. This problem is overcome by my present cam mechanism as follows:

Considering rst, for example, the tuning procedure to be followed to tune in channel l0, the UHF turret is tuned by one step so that the slidable notch is engaged by the switch operating cam follower. his would cause operation of the switch contacts from engagement of the VHF turret to engagement of an auxiliary assembly which, as described hereinafter, serves to transform the UHF section of the present tuner into an l. F. amplifier'. But Isince the VHF turret has now been moved from position 9 to position 0, the second cam surface movable with the VHF turret does not engage the slidable notch which, therefore, under the pres-sure of the switch control cam follower will occupy a lower position similar in depth to the VHF notch so that the switch remains in the VHF turret engagement position.

When the VHF turret is tuned from VHF channel 13 to UHF channel 14, the circular sector engages the slidable notch and moves it to its outer position so that it is undistinguishable from the other UHF notches. Now the switch is operated and its contacts correspondingly move from engagement with the VHF turret to engagement with the auxiliary assembly to transform the VHF section into an I. F. amplifier.

From channel 14 on the switch will retain this position.

lf, on the other hand, only VHF channels are desired, the operator when going from channel 9 to 10 need not move the UHF turret to its position l, but continues to rotate the VHF turret up to channel 13. From channel 13 the operator may return to channel 2 or by rotating the UHF turret to its position l and the VHF turret to the position corresponding to UHF channel 14 he can tune to channel 14 and to all other UHF channels.

lt was mentioned that the cam surface instead of being flat for all the UHF positions and having a different configuration for the VHF position is provided with individual notches for each of the UHF positions so that when the UHF turret is rotated during UHF reception the switch assembly is made to wipe the contacts at each step of the UHF turret to maintain the contacts as clean as possible.

During VHF reception as the VHF turret is rotated, the detent positioning disc at the Center of the VHF turret is made to engage also a roller positioned on the switch assembly so that at each step of the VHF turret the yswitch structure is again caused to move and to wipe its contacts.

Another object of the present invention is, therefore, the provision of means for wiping the switch contacts during both UHF and VHF selection.

In addition, as disclosed in the above-mentioned application, the panels forming the UHF turret may be made of plastic material; that is, they may be moldings having a set of stationary capacitor plates molded in them. The UHF panels may also be of the type described in the co-pending application Serial 392,950 tiled November 18, 1953.

The complete turret assembly consisting of a UHF and a VHF turret and their shafts is mounted in the tuner chassis which is essentially divided also in two sections, the UHF section and the VHF section separated appropriately by a shield.

The chassis is provided at its two end walls with pockets obtained through stamping of the metallic chassis so that a simple spring clip without any hooks can be used to engage the two ends of the operating shafts and the above-mentioned pockets of the chassis to securely mount the turret assembly against movement of the turret assembly away from the chassis. That such a movement away from the chassis may be possible without the use of these spring clips is obvious when it is considered that in the present tuner two detent discs are used requiring, therefore, two spring members provided with rollers biased against the notches of the positioning disc-s. In addition, the stationary contact structures will also tend to bias the turrets away from the chassis.

In addition to the turret structures, the present tuner is provided with, as previously mentioned, tine tuning means, one for fine tuning to UHF channels, the other for line tuning to VHF channels.

The tine tuners are essentially capacitors, the capacitance variation of which is obtained by moving a dielectric plate with respect to the two conductive plates of the capacitor assembly. The two dielectric plates are mounted on a single shaft and operated by rotation of a sleeve concentric with the shafts of the turrets.

The coupling means between the sleeve and the fine tuning shaft consists of a friction disc device mounted on the sleeve and two friction members mounted on the line tuning shaft. The two friction members are identical and provided at one end with a stop obtained by stamping so that by using the vsame stamping it is possible to obtain both friction members which are then positioned one facing the other with one stop member at each end.

The function of the stop members is to stop the rotation of a shaft at certain angular values even when the controlling shaft is rotated beyond these angular values.

It was mentioned before that the two sections of this tuner are electrically separated from each other by means of a shield. It should be noted that in addition to this shielding effect, the antenna segments of the VHF turret are shielded from the oscillator segments of the VHF turret through the detent positioning disc positioned between the two halves of the turret and a comple entary shield mounted on the chassis.

The chassis itself is also provided with a system of grounding contacts so as to ground the detent disc through a low resistance path and improve the shielding etfect between the antenna section and the oscillator section of the VHF tuner.

A similar shielding effect is obtained in the UHF turret by means of a wiper contact mounted on the chassis which engages the extensions of a shielding disc between the oscillator and the preselector of the UHF tuner. Thus, the UHF tuner is provided with a shielding memu ber to reduce oscillator radiation effect at UHF.

The shielding disc of the UHF turret is a metallic circular member provided with radially extending fingers which engage the previously mentioned wiping contacts mounted on the chassis to thus effectively ground through a low resistance path the shielding disc of the turret.

The UHF panels described above are mounted on two supporting discs rigidly secured to a sleeve concentric with the shaft of the VHF turret. One of these mounting discs is provided with extending fingers to engage an opening at one end of the panels. The other disc is provided with notches which are engageable by a protruding member of the UHF panels. This second disc is metallic and its notches also serve for positioning purposes when engaged by an appropriate detent mechanism.

The extension of the UHF panels is provided with shoulders such that a spring member mounted on the outside of this turret on the second disc and having a circumferentially bent portion engages the shoulders of the extension of the UHF panels so that the bent portion of this spring biases these panels against the second disc.

Removal of the panels from the turret can then be obtained by moving the panel away from the turret in the radial direction, overcoming the opposition presented by the disc mounted spring member.

Such positioning means are particularly necessary at ultra-high frequencies where it is well-known any slight displacement with respect to a preselected position of the panels may cause detuning and consequent loss of picture.

The oscillator tube of the UHF section is positioned at an angle with respect to the vertical direction so as to permit not only the mounting of the tuner near the cathode ray tube but also adiustment of elements mounted on the same side of the tuner on which the tubes are mounted.

Electrically the tuner disclosed in the above-mentioned application consisted in the VHF section of a tuned R. F. amplifier (of the cascode type), a triode oscillator and a pentode converter. The input signal was applied to the R. F. amplifier through a tuned circuit consisting of a transformer mounted on a panel of the VHF turret so that the center contact of the panel was connected to ground, the two contacts immediately adjacent the center contact were connected to the primary of this transformer and the remaining two contacts were connected to the input of the R. F. amplifier when the particular panel was in operative condition.

While this shows a symmetrical mount, it was found that the capacity to the secondary of this transformer could be reduced greatly by mounting these primary and secondary coils in the following manner: namely, the grounding contact still in the middle of the panel, the antenna coil or the primary coil on one side of this ground and the secondary or tuned coil on the other side of this ground. Since now the antenna coil and the tuned coil are separated by ground, the capacity into the secondary is greatly reduced and a high degree of isolation is obtained.

It should be noted also that in the present invention the primary coil is Wound as a reverse helix. During VHF operation then the VHF antenna and antenna circuit are connected across the primary of this transformer while the input to the R. F. amplifier is connected to the secondary of this transformer.

During UHF reception, on the other hand, since it is desired to use the VHF circuitry essentially as an I. F. amplifier and in order that VHF signals will not interfere with the received UHF signals, provision is made for the UHF-VHF switch to short to ground the two antenna terminals, that is, the terminals across which during VHF operation is connected the primary of the VHF input transformer.

During UHF operation this oscillator tube of the VHF section is rendered inoperative while the converter tube is used also as an I. F. amplifier together with the previously mentioned R. F. cascode amplifier.

The input circuit of the present tuner during UHF reception consists of the UHF antenna connected to a circuit mounted on the chassis which may be called a filtering circuit consisting of inductances and capacitances and ending as a preselector tunable circuit in which channel tuning action is obtained by motion of a dielectric plate between conductive plates mounted in the UHF panels.

The UHF signal is then applied to a crystal converter, one end of which is held through spring action in contact with one end of an insulated metallic U-shaped bracket. The other end of this bracket is the flexible member of a compression type adjustable capacitor, said capacitor being in the ground return path of the mixer tuned circuit. Adjustment of this capacitor provides a change in impedance of the point to which the mixer is connected.

The oscillator of the UHF section is also provided with a tuning element consisting of a rotatable dielectric plate for channel selection and conductive plates mounted on the UHF panels. The output from the oscillator is applied to the mixer through an injecting device which is mounted on the panels and consists essentially of a metallic rod with a probe at each end. One probe is coupled to the output of the oscillator, and the other probe is coupled to the tuned circuit in the input of the crystal mixer.

The output from the UHF 1tuner is connected by means of a section of transmission line to the input terminals of the R. F. cascode amplifier which now operates as previously mentioned as an I. F. amplifier.

It should be noted that the oscillator is also provided with an additional 'tuning device which again, as previously mentioned, serves to fine tune within each VHF and UHF channel.

In the preselector described in the above-mentioned application, individual coupling capacitors were connected across each set of the preselector outer stator plates. In the present invention, on the other hand, it was found that one constant band width coupling capacitor may be used for the whole range of operation of the UHF tuner.

In addition, it was found that the capacitances required for the previously mentioned input filter may be obtained by placing a series of dielectric plates one against the other with metal plates positioned between them, the metal plates being the conductive plates of the filter capacitors. Such a filter capacitor assembly may be held together by means of an insulating screw such as a nylon screw.

To summarize the above, the tuner of the present invention is provided with two independent antenna circuits, one for UHF reception, the other for VHF reception. During VHF reception the output from the UHF section is disconnected from the input to the I. F. arnplier and the VHF antenna is connected through an appropriate input transformer to the input of a'radio frequency cascode amplifier, the output of which is mixed with the signal from the VHF oscillator in a converter, the output of which is at the desired intermediate frequency of either 2l megacycles or 4l megacycles.

During UHF reception, on the other hand, the VHF antenna is open circuited while the UHF` circuit is operative and provides at the output of a crystal mixer an intermediate frequency signal which is applied to the input of the cascode amplifier of the VHF section now operating as an intermediate frequency amplifier and is passed through the converter operating now as an amplifier so that at the output of the VHF section now appears the amplified intermediate frequency corresponding to the received UHF signal.

The switching operation between VHF and UHF is obtained by a cam mechanism operated by the UHF turret which causes the switch to occupy either one of two positions, (l) the position at which the switch contacts engage the VHF turret, from now on will be denoted as the VHF position, and (2) when the contacts engage an auxiliary circuit and are disconnected from the VHF turret. The second position will from now on be referred to as the UHF position of the switch.

The electrical operation of the UHF tuner and VHF tuner is similar to the one described in the abovementioned application, except for the improvements and modifications mentioned above.

The foregoing and many other objects of the invention will become apparent in the following description and drawings in which:

Figure l is a circuit diagram of the tuner of the present invention.

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the tuner of the present invention showing the chassis of the tuner and the elements mounted on the chassis and the VHF-UHF turrets.

ajveaoie 7 Y Figure 2a is a side view of the tuner of the present invention showing the positioning means and the ne tuning mechanism.

Figure 3 is a top view of the tuner of the present invention showing the UHF crystal mounting means and the UHF and VHF inputs.

Figure 4 is a detail view of the terminal of the VHF section connections taken along line 4 4 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 5 is a top view of a detail of the tuner of the present invention showing the UHF input liltering means and the crystal mounting means. In this gure the upper part of the UHF chassis has been removed.

Figure 6 is a detail view of the crystal mounting means and crystal of the UHF tuner taken at line 6-6 of Figure 3 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 7 is a side view of the UHF turret with all the UHF panels removed except one.

Figure 8 is a top view of one embodiment vof the UHF panels.

Figure 9 is a bottom view of the panels of Figure 8.

Figure 1() is a side View of the panels of Figure 8.

Figure 11 is another side view of the panels of Figure 8.

Figure 12 is the rear view of the UHF turret.

Figure 13 is the front View of the UHF turret showing one UHF panel mounted, the panels biasing spring member and the adjusting screws.

Figure 14 is a front view of the spring member used in the supporting disc of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 15-15 of Figure 14 of the spring member of the supporting disc shown in Figure 13.

Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 16-16 of Figure 2a looking in the direction of the arrows and showing the cam carrying portion of the UHF turret.

Figure 17 is an assembly drawing taken at line 17-17 of Figure 16 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 18 is a detail View of the cam supporting disc of the UHF turret.

Figure 19 is another view of the disc of Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 20-215 of Figure 19 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 2l is a detail view of the movable member of the cam mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 22-22 of Figure 21 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 23 is a View taken at line 23-23 of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows and showing the cam mechanism during VHF reception of channels 10-13.

Figure 24 is a view similar to that of Figure 23 showing the cam mechanism during UHF reception of channels 14-19.

Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 25--25 of Figure 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 26 is a side View of the stationary contacts of the VHF turret.

Figure 27 is a top View of the contacts or Figure 26.

Figure 28 is a side view of the contacts of Figure 26 taken at line 28-28 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 29 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 29-29 of Figure 26 looking inthe direction of the arrows.

Figure 30 is a partly broken away view of the tuner of the present invention showing the fine tuner mechanism in an intermediate position.

Figure 3l is a View similar to Figure 30 showing the fine tuningmechanism at one of its end positions.

Figure 32 is a front view of the tuner of the present invention showing the friction elements of the ne tuning mechanism and the turret mounting means.

Figure 33 is an end view of the tuner of the present invention showing the switch biasing means and the turret retaining means.

Figure 34 is a detail view of the friction members for controlling the fine tuner of the present invention.

'Figure 35 is a side view of the friction elements of Figure 34.

Figure 36 is a front view of a VHF antenna panel.

Figure 37 is a front view of a VHF oscillator converter panel.

Figure 38 is a perspective View of the UHF and VHF turrets showing how the VHF oscillator may be trimmed from the front end of a television tuner during VHF reception.

Figure 39a is a cross-sectional View of the VHF turret at the positioning disc showing the position of the wiping control roller when the VHF turret is set for reception of a VHF channel.

Figure 3911 is a view similar to that of Figure 39a showing the position of the roller, the auxiliary assembly and the switch contacts when the VHF turret is in an intermediate position between two channels.

Figure 4() is a View of a cam mechanism of the present invention showing the position of the cam members during VHF reception.

Figure 41 is a view of the cam mechanism similar to that of Figure 40 showing the cam members during UHF reception.

Figure 42 is a cross sectional detail view taken at line 42-42 of Figure 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring first to Figure 1 showing the schematic circuit diagram of the present UHF-VHF tuner, the VHF antenna 50 which is shown here as a balanced antenna is connected to a series circuit consisting of a capacitance 51 and a variable inductance 52. Variable inductance 52 may consist of a coil with a conductive slug within it so that displacement of the slug with respect to the coil produces the desired variation in inductance. Across the balanced output of this coil assembly is placed a balanced center tapped coil (iron core) 55.

To be more specic, section 59a of VHF antenna 50 is connected to the free end of inductance SZ while the other side, 50b, of antenna Si? is connected to the free end of capacitor 51.

Antenna section 50a is also connected to a parallel circuit consisting of an inductance S3 and a capacitance The other side of the parallel circuit 53--54 is connected to a fixed terminal B. Similarly, section ib of antenna 50 is connected to the parallel circuit consisting of inductance 56 and capacitance 57. This parallel circuit is connected on the other side to a stationary contact A.

It should be noted that aside from the antenna 5t) and the transmission line from the antenna to the series circuit 51-52, the other components described above are iixedly mounted on the chassis of the tuner as shown hereinafter in connection with Figures 2 and 3.

When the tuner is set for VHF reception, that is, for reception on an individual VHF channel, an antenna segment 6i) mounted on the VHF turret also described hereinafter is connected to the Xed terminals A and B and the other fixed terminals C, D, E on the input side of the VHF tuner.

Contact C is a fixed contact connected to ground. Contact E is connected to the grid 61 of grounded cathode triode 62. Contact D is connected to ground through bypassing capacitor 64.

Mounted on panel 60 is an input transformer having its primary side 65 balanced to ground through connection of its two ends to stationary contacts A and B, respectively, by means of appropriate movable contacts 66 and 67 mounted on panel 60.

Primary coil 65 is center tapped and the center tap is connected to a movable contact 69 which in turn engages contact C, thus grounding the center tap of coil 65. Also mounted on panel 6i) isa secondary 68 of transformer 65-68. Secondary 68 has its terminals connected to movable contacts 70 and 71 which engage the stationary contacts E and D, respectively.

It will now be apparent that the transformer 65-68 mounted on panel 60 serves not only as an input coupling device but also as a means for transforming a balanced input signal into an unbalanced signal. The unbalanced signal which appears across stationary contacts E and D is supplied to the grid 61 of grounded cathode triode 62 of R. F. amplifier 75. R. F. amplifier 75 consists of two triodes 62 and 76 connected in cascode.

To be more specific stationary contact E is connected not only to grid 61 of tube 62 but also through a series circuit consisting of resistances 78 and 79 to a terminal 80 to which, as noted in Figure l, an AGC voltage may be applied as a bias.

A capacitance 81 connected between resistance 79 and contact 80 serves to by-pass to ground A. C. signals which would otherwise cause fiuctuations and, therefore, distortion in the output of triode 62. Cathode 82 of triode 62, as previously mentioned, is grounded while plate 83 of tube 62 is connected on one side to a series capacitance 84 and to contact D.

In parallel to the previously mentioned capacitance 64 is also a trimmer capacitor 85. On the other side, plate 83 of tube 62 is connected to cathode 90 of grounded grid triode 76 through a series inductance 91. Cathode 90 is connected to ground through capacitance 92 in series with a second capacitance 93. Grid 95 of triode 76 is grounded through resistance 96 connected between grid 95 and ground and is connected to the common point between capacitances 92 and 93 through series resistances 98 and 99. The common point between resistances 98 and 99 is connected through conductor 100 to a stationary contact 101 to which, during operation of the tuner, a B-l-z supply is connected.

To ensure proper operation of the R. F. amplifier, lead 103 between resistance 96 in grid 95 is by-passed to ground by means of a feed-through capacitor 105 and lead 100 is by-passed to ground through a feed-through capacitor 106.

Finally, plate 110 of triode 76 is connected to a trimmer capacitor 111 connected between plate 110 and ground and to a stationary contact F. The common point be tween capacitances 92 and 93 and resistance 99 is connected to another stationary contact G.

During operation of the tuner, a second panel 115 is connected to stationary contacts FG, KH, LM. Mounted on panel 115 are three tuning elements, in this case, three inductances 116, 117 and 118. Inductance 116 terminates at the panel mounted contacts 120 and 121 which engage, respectively, stationary contacts F and G. Inductance 117 terminates at panel mounted contacts 122 and 123 which engage stationary contacts K and H. Finally, inductance 118 terminates at movable contacts 124, 125 which engage stationary contacts L and M, respectively.

While inductance 116 and inductance 117 are fixed inductances, inductance 118 is variable and generally of a slug tuned type. Since inductances 116, 117 and 118 are mounted in the same panel 115 and are not shielded from each other, there will be mutual coupling between the three inductances so that a signal appearing for example, across inductance 116 would be coupled to inductance 117, and a signal appearing across inductance 11S would also be coupled to inductance 117.

inductance 117 which is connected to stationary contacts K and H is in the input of the converter tube, in this case a pentode 127, through a coupling capacitor 128 connected between contact K and grid 129 of pentode 127. Contact K is connected to ground through resistance 130 and grid 129 is connected to ground through the series combination of resistances 131 and 132. A terminal is brought out from the common point of resistances 131 and 132 to permit testing of the tuner and is, therefore, designated as T. P. in Figure l.

Across the resistance combination 131 and 132 is connected a trimmer capacitor 133. Cathode 134 of con verter 127 is connected to ground and to suppressor grid 135. Screen grid 136 of tube 127 is connected through a dropping resistance 138 to plate 139 of tube 127 and is by-passed to ground by capacitor 140 connected between screen grid 136 and ground.

The output from converter tube 127 is obtained through a circuit consisting of a variable inductance 141 and a capacitance 142 connected in series between plate 139 or tube 127 and ground. The I, F. output of the present tuner is actually obtained from across capacitor 142 and is brought out to a receptacle mounted on the chassis of the tuner. The common point between elements 141 and 142 is connected to lead 100 and, therefore, to the B-l-z supply through a dropping resistance 144.

Oscillator coil 118 is connected on one side through contact L to plate 145 of oscillator triode 146. The other side of inductance 118 is connected to the grid 147 of tube 146 through a coupling capacitor 148 and a grid leak resistance 149. Capacitor 148 is connected between contact M and grid 147 while grid leak resistor 149 is connected between ground and grid 147.

Also connected between ground and grid 147 is capacitor 150. While a fine tuning capacitor 152 is connected between stationary contact M and ground, another trimmer capacitor 155 connects contact L to ground. Also connected to ground is cathode 156 of oscillator tube 146. Contact M is connected to the B-l-r supply through a resistor 158, lead 159, terminal 160. Lead 159 is properly by-passed to ground by means of feed-through capacitor 161.

Also connected to lead 159 is a resistance 163 connected on the other side to a contact M of the auxiliary assembly 170. Resistor 163 is also connected to a receptacle 171 mounted on the chassis of the present tuner. To another contact of the same receptacle is connected one side of filament 172 for the double triode tube 62-'/6. The other side of filament 172 is grounded. The ungrounded side of filament 172 is connected to filament 174 of tube 127-146 through a R. F. choke 175. Filament 174 is thus connected on one side to choke 175 and on the other side to ground.

A capacitance 176 is also connected to the ungrounded side of filament 174 to by-pass high frequencies. The common point between filament 172 and choke 175 is connected to a lead 178 which terminates at a Contact 179 to which, during the operation of the tuner, a filament supply would be supplied. Lead 178 is also by-passed to ground through a feed-through capacitor 180.

It should be apparent later, when describing the actual configuration of the VHF tuner, that feed-through capacitors 106, 161 and 180 are mounted through a shield 182 which is shown schematically in Figure 1.

It is now possible to describe the operation of this VHF section of the present tuner. When, for example, channel 2 is desired, then the appropriate channel boards 60 and 115 are connected to the stationary contacts A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, and M so that the elements mounted on panels 60 and 11S are those which correspond to the frequencies of channel 2 (S4-60 megacycles).

The signal of the correct frequency which appears on antenna 50 mixed with other undesired signals is selected by the input circuit of the R. F. amplitier 75. It will appear properly amplified at the output of this amplifier, namely across inductance 116.

At the same time, oscillator tube 146 produces signals of the correct frequency across inductance 118. The input signals and the oscillator signals are coupled into the input inductance 117 of converter tube 127 and mixed at converter 127 in a manner well-known in the art so that across capacitance 142 will appear the desired signal at the desired I. F., at either 21 megacycles or at 4l megacycles depending on which I. F. is used in the television receiver itself.

In addition to contact M', also contacts A', B', C', D',

11 E', F', G', H', K', and L' are mounted on auxiliary assembly 171i. The function of the circuits mounted on this auxiliary assembly 170 will be apparent hereinafter when the UHF operation of the present tuner will be described.

Contacts A' and B of assembly 70 are open and contact C' is connected to the female of an I. F. coaxial connector 185 through a coil 186. Across contacts E and D is a coil 187 having a variable inductance.

Coils 186 and 187 form an I. F. transformer of which coil 186 is a primary and 187 is a tunable secondary. Connected across contact G' and F' is also a variable inductance 19t) and across contacts H and K is connected a parallel circuit consisting of a variable -inductance 191 in parallel with resistance 192. Contact L' is left open and contact M' as previously mentioned is connected to resistance 163.

The UHF section of the present tuner consists of antenna terminals2tll and 201 mounted externally on the chassis of the present tuner. For proper operation of the present tuner, a UHF antenna 202 balanced with respect to ground is connected to terminals 200 and 281 through a balanced transmission line 203. Connected to terminal 2111 is a capacitance 205 having the other side connected to a grounding plate 206. Terminal 260 is connected to a capacitance 207 in series with another capacitance 20S terminated at stationary contact N. Connected between the common point between capacitances 2117 and 208 and ground is an inductance 210 and connected between stationary contact N and ground is an inductance 211. In parallel with the inductance 211 is a trimmer capacitance 212.

All the elements in the input to the UHF tuner described up to now form a filtering circuit to essentially pass only UHF signals and discriminate against VHF signals. Another stationary contact P is connected to grounding member 206 and in alignment with contacts N and F is a third contact Q connected to ground through trimmer capacitor 213. Connected across contacts P and Q is an inductance 214 and connected across contacts N and Q is a R. F. coupling capacitor 215 providing a constant band width for all the UHF bands.

When the present tuner is operated as a UHF tuner, a panel 228 is connected to contacts N, P, Q, R, S. Panel 2211 carries tuning elements and more precisely it carries a plate 221 of a capacitor V222 where plate 221 is connected to a movable contact 223 through a coil 224. The other plate 225 of capacitor 222 is connected to contact 226.

vAnother plate 228 is connected to contact 229 through coil 230. Plate 228 forms with previously mentioned plate 225 a second capacitor 231. Also mounted on panel 2211 is a third capacitor 232 having one of its plates 233 connected to a coil 234 and thence to a contact 235. The second plate 236 of capacitor 232 is connected to contact 237 through coil 238.

A lead 240 having probes 241 at its two ends serves as the injecting device between coil 234 and coil 238 for injecting an oscillator signal into a crystal m'urer as described hereinafter.

During operation of the UHF tuner, plate 221 is connected through coil 224, contacts 223 and N, to the input filter of the UHF tuner. Plate 225 is connected to ground through contacts 226, P and plate 228 is connected to crystal mixer 239 through coil 230, contacts 229 and Q.

One side of crystal 239 is connected to an extension of the ungrounded plate of capacitor 213. The other side of crystal 239 is connected to coaxial cable 242 through fecd-through capacitor 245. Feed-through capacitor 245 is provided at the crystal end with areceiving member cup-shaped for receiving one terminal 243 of crystal 239. Plate 233 of capacitor 232 is connected to the stationary Contact R through coil 234 and movable contact 235 while plate 236 is connected to contact S through coil 23S and movable contact 277.` Stationary contact R is connected to power plug 249 through dropping resistance 2511 and feed-through capacitor 251. Plate 247 is also connected to plate 252 of a capacitor assembly 253 which has its other plate 254 connected to contact S and grid 255 of tube 248 and a center conductive member 256 connected to ground and movable with respect to plates 252 and 254 to vary the capacitance between plates 252 and 254 and conductive element 256.

Grid 255 is connected to ground through a grid leak resistor 258 while cathode 259 of tube 248 is connected to ground through coil 260.

Filament 261 of tube 248 is connected on one side to coil 262 and thence to ground and on the other side to coil 263, feed-through capacitor 264 and one contact of power plug 249. Connected across filament 261 is also a capacitor 265. Feed-through capacitors 251 and 264 are mounted through a grounded shield shown in Figure l at 265 while feed-through capacitor 245 is mounted through a vertical wall of bracket 422.

Panel 220 is mounted together with similar panels to form the UHF turret. This turret is operated by a shaft or a sleeve depending on mechanical details and concentric with this shaft or sleeve, as will be seen hereinafter, is another controlling member carrying a series of dielectric plates, namely plates 267, 268 and 269, where plate 267 serves to vary the capacitance of capacitor 222, plate 268 varies the capacitance of capacitor 231, and plate 269 varies the capacitance of capacitor 23 In addition, a third controlling member serves to -move another dielectric plate 27 t1 to vary by small amounts the capacitance of capacitor 232.

It should be noted that in the present invention, each panel 2211 is used to pass and select a UHF range encon*- passing ten UHF channels.

It is now possible to describe the operation of the UHF section of the present tuner. UHF signals picked up by antenna 202 pass through the input iilter described above and a particular UHF channel is selected through the appropriate panel 220 and the appropriate positioning of plates 267 and 268.

This incoming UHF signal is then applied to the input of crystal mixer 239. At the same time, dielectric plates 269 and 270 may be properly positioned with respect to plates 233 and 236 of capacitor 232 so as to cause oscillator 248 to generate the desired frequency signal. This signal is injected by means of injection device 2411 into coil 230 and thence again into the input of crystal mixer 239.

When the frequency of oscillation of oscillator 248 and the frequency of the UHF signal mix in crystal mixer 239, an output is obtained having the desired intermediate frequency of 2l or 45 megacycles depending on the intermediate frequency of the television set itself. In the present invention, during UHF reception the cascode arnplier and the converter 127 of the VHF section are utilized as intermediate frequency amplifiers while the VHF oscillator is made inoperative.

During UHF reception, in fact, contacts AMB- O- D-EFGH-K-L-M are disconnected by means of a switching device described hereinafter in connection with Figures 23 and 24 from the contacts mounted on the VHF turret and are caused to engage contacts A', B', C', D', E', F', G', H', K', L', M', respectively, of assembly 170. When this connection is made, as can be clearly seen in Figure l, contacts A and B will be shorted and connected to ground. Contact C will be connected to coil 186 through the complementary contact C' and since a coaxial cable 242 engages the coaxial connection 185, the I. F. signal from crystal mixer 239 will appear across coil 186.

Across contacts E and D is now connected coil 187 through complementary contacts E' and D'. Coil 187 being mutually coupled to coil 186 will have across the terminals F.' and D' and, therefore, across its contacts E and D the I. F. signal which is then applied to cascode 13 amplifier 75 now operating as an I. F. amplifier, that is, a fixed frequency amplifier. The output of cascode amplifier 75 appears across a coil 190 through engagement of its terminals F and G with stationary contacts F and G.

The signal across the inductive load 190 is applied through series network 193-194 to the input circuit 191-192 having its terminals H and K now connected to contacts H and K of the input of tube 127. Tube 127 now operates as another I. F. amplifier so that across capacitor 142 will now appear an I. F. signal containing the information existing in thhe original UHF signal.

The signal appearing across capacitor 142 has now been considerably amplified by the cascode amplifier 75 and amplifier tube 127.

Since now no circuit element is connected between contacts L and M and contact M is connected to contact M to short circuit resistances 158 and 163, oscillator tube 146 is made for all practical purposes inoperative so that it cannot produce interference or noise signals. Resistance 163 serves to keep alive the voltage to the UHF oscillator tube 248 when the tuner is in VHF position.

It should be noted that Whether operating as a VHF or UHF tuner plug 249 and receptacle 171 are always properly connected together =by means of conductors (not shown) in a manner well-known in the art.

A side cut-away View of the tuner of the present invention is shown in Figure 2. The VHF turret 300 is seen to consist of antenna segments 60 and oscillator segments or panels 115. The panels are mounted to form turret 300 on three supporting discs, 298, 299 and 301. The two lateral ones 298 and 299 and the center one 301 are provided with appropriate notches such as 3-02 engageable by roller 303 carried by a spring member 304 secured to the metallic chassis 305 and extending through an opening 308 of member 304. For greater details on the construction of the VHF turret, reference is made to Patent No. 2,496,183 to Thias.

The three supporting discs for turret 300 are secured to a shaft 310 (see Figure 2n) extending through the whole length of the tuner and more particularly extending beyond the end Wall 312 of chassis 305 in V-shaped opening 313 at its end 315. V-shaped opening 315 is engaged by a re-entrant portion (not shown) of shaft 310 so that the V-shaped potrion of end wall 312 acts as a bearing for shaft 310.

End wall 312 is stamped so that two pockets 316 and 317 are obtained on each side of opening 313.

Simple wire spring 318 is used to bias shaft 310 against the V-shaped opening 315 so that shaft 310 may not move away from its V-shaped bearing 315. Wire spring 318 engages at its ends the openings provided by pockets 316 and 317 and engages centrally the above-mentioned end of shaft 310.

The coaxial terminal 185 is mounted on the upper surface of chassis 305 and in Figure 2 coaxial terminal 185 is shown in engagement with the coaxial cable 242.

Also mounted on the upper surface of chassis 305 is the VHF input circuit described in connection with Figure 1 of which only terminals 320 and 321 are visible in Figure 2. To terminals 320 and 321 are connected during its use the two conductors of a balanced transmission line originating from VHF antenna 50 as well-known in the art.

Similarly mounted on the upper surface of chassis 305 are the cascode amplifier tube 75 and the oscillator converter tube 127-146 Also visible on the upper surface 305 are trimmer capacitors described in connection with the VHF section of Figure 1. Fixedly mounted on a plastic member 325 (see also Figure 25) and secured in the interior of the upper surface of chassis 305 are the stationary contacts A--B-C-D-E-F-G- H-K-L-M.

These contacts are riveted at 326 to the plastic insulating support 325. Contacts A to E engage, during VHF 14 operation, movable contacts 66, 67, 69, 71 and 70, respectively, of panel 60. The physical structure of panel 60 is shown in Figure 36.

In Figure 36 it will be seen that panel 60 consists of a plastic molding with its outwardly extending contacts 66, 67, 69, 71 and 70. The plastic molding is provided with supporting arms 328 and 329 which engage a coil form 330. Wound on the coil form are the two coils 65 and 68. More precisely, coil 68 consists of two sections 68a and 68b having one of their ends connected to contacts 70 and 71, respectively, and the other ends connected to common contact 69 which during operation of the VHF turret is connected toground. Coil 65 is mounted close to coil 68 and its terminals are connected to the extensions of contacts 66 and 67.

The input and output coils 65 and 68 are thus properly isolated. Using isolating grid terminal also removes coupling capacity between the terminals themselves through the dielectric of both the stator and rotor boards.

It is also found that providing a centrally located ground cont-act 69 and by separating the two coils so that one is mounted close to the other but not over the other, it is found that the capacity to the secondary is greatly reduced. It can also lbe said that the position of the grounding contact 69 between the two coils of the input transformer 65*68 which are reverse helices reduces stray capacity. Stationary contacts F to M engage during VHF operation the turret mounted contacts 120- 121-123-122-124 and 125, respectively, as shown also in Figure 1.

The physical structure of panel is shown in Figure 37. It can be seen from that figure that panel 115 consists also of a plastic molding provided with the six contacts -121-123122 and 124-125. The plastic molding is supported with supporting arms 331 and 332 carrying a coil form 333.

On coil form 333 are wound the three coils 116-117 and 118. More specifically, coil 116 is wound at one end of coil form 333 and .its terminals are connected to terminals 1Z0-121. Coil 117 is centrally mounted on coil form 333 and connected to contacts 122 and 123. Finally, coil 118 is mounted at the other end of coil form 333 and its terminals are connected to contacts 124 and 125.

Coil form 333 is also provided with a slot 334 engaged by a wire spring member 335 secured in an appropriate way to the base of the plastic molding. Wire spring 335 engages slot 334 and thus serves as a positioning member or thread for the slot 336, movable in the interior of coil form 333 on the side on which oscillator coil 118 `is wound. Slot 336 is provided to permit changes in the inductance of coil 118 so as to obtain the desired frequency oscillation from oscillator tube 146,

Screw 336 for varying oscillator coil 118 can be moved from the front of this tuner, as described hereinafter, so that during installation of the television set, the serviceman may easily trim the oscillator coils so that they will operate at a desired frequency. The serviceman will be able to do so in the present tuner by just introducing a screw driver from the front of this tuner with the tuner set for VHF operation.

Referring again to Figure 2, the UHF turret 340 is formed by a series of panels 220 supported and mounted on end discs 341 and 342 (see also Figures 12, 13, 16, 18 and 19). Disc 341 is provided with a number of slots 344 rectangularly shaped to be engaged by an extension 345 of panels 220. In addition to having a number of slots 344 equal to the number of panels to be mounted on supporting discs 341, disc 341 has what may be called a VHF position shown in Figure 13 at the V-shaped notch 346. Slightly to one side of notch 346 is an opening 347 also in disc 341 which, as seen hereinafter, permits adjustment of the VHF oscillator coils from the front end of the tuner during VHF reception.

End plate 341 is metallic and thus serves also as thev Y 15 ground plate for the adjusting screws 348 for the oscillator capacitor 232.

It may be seen, in fact, in Figure 7 that adjusting screws 348 after engaging conductive discs 341 extend close to plate 236 of oscillator capacitor 232 so that the position of adjusting screw 343 with respect to that of plate 236 will determine the amount of capacitance to ground between plate 236 of capacitor 232 and adjusting screw 348.

The adjusting screws 348 engage conductive disc 341 through appropriate threaded openings and are held against undesired movement by wire springs 350 and 351 appropriately bearing against the threads of adjusting screws 34S. Riveted on the external part of disc 341 is a spring disc 353 shown in detail in Figures 14 and 15. Disc 353 is provided with openings 354 which are similar to openings 354 in disc 341 with the addition of a circular portion 355 which serves to permit screws 34S to go through spring discs 353 and engage conductive disc 351. Spring disc 353 is also provided with a larger opening 357 corresponding with notch 346 of disc 341.

Spring disc 353 as seen more clearly in Figure 15 is flat at the center portion 356 and is raised at 358 to form a V-shaped circular band. Spring disc 353 is secured to disc 341 in any known way, for example, by means of rivets.

Both spring member 353 and disc 341 are provided with an appropriately centrally positioned opening to permit their mounting on a shaft 359 (see Figures 2 and 7) which is actually a sleeve through which VHF shaft 311i extends so as to permit control of the VHF turret 3th) from the front end of the television tuner.

In the back of disc 341 on each side of each opening 344 are small stamped out retaining elements 361i which, as described hereinafter, serve to retain panels 220 after mounting from moving in the radial direction. The back plate 342 consists of a disc provided with pairs of radially extending iingers 365. Fingers 365 are provided with an enlarged end or head 366 so that after each pair of fingers 365 is made to pass through slot 37S of panels 22), heads 366 will prevent motion of panel 220 away from disc 342 or will prevent radial motion of panels 220. Disc 342 (Figure 12) is further provided with a centrally positioned cam surface 368 (see also Figure 16). Cam surface 368 is broken for a certain length to permit the insertion of a radially moving piece 369 having also notches such as 370 similar to notches 371 of cam surface 36S. Member 369 can move radially since it is provided (see Figures 2l and 22) `with longitudinal slot 373 which engages shaft 310 of the VHF turret 300.

Member 369 is also provided with a raised portion 374. Member 369 is, therefore, so shaped that when sector 375 mounted on VHF shaft 311i moves with respect to disc 342, it will engage for a certain angular range the shield or raised portion 374 of member 369 so as to move member 369 in the radial outer direction. When sector 375 does not engage shoulder 374 of member 369, appropriate spring means described hereinafter serve to return member 369 to a lower position as determined by the at end of slot 373.

It was previously mentioned that UHF panels 226 bridge discs 341 and 342 to form the turret. Panels 220 (see Figures 8, 9, and i1) are formed of a dielectric base 37 9 which may be, for example, or high dielectric constant ceramic material. Dielectric base 379 is provided with an extending member 345 at one end and a slot 378 at the other end. Extension 345 is provided with a neck 381 and a head 332. Head 332 is provided on one side with shoulders 333 which serve to engage the raised portion 353 of spring disc 353 when panels 22) are mounted to form turret 341i on discs 341 and 342.

Panels 22) are provided on the outer surface with contacts 237, 235, 229, 22,6 and 223 (see also Figure 1) and with openings 385, 386. Opening 385 serves to permit an extension 391i (see Figure 30) of shielding plate 391 to engage during rotation or the UHF turret 341i an appropriate grounding element 392 mounted stationarily on chassis 305 in its UHF section. UHF shield 391 is mounted parallel to the UHF supporting discs 341 and 342 in the interior of the UHF turret 350 so as to electrically isolate the tuning elements in the oscillator from the tuning elements of the preselector.

Opening 385 in panel 220 is, in fact, so located that a plate perpendicular to the panel at 335 will separate each panel into two sections, one consisting of plates 236 and 233 and the other of plates 221, 225 and 223. Plates 233 and 236 are the rotor mounted plates for oscillator capacitor 232, while plates 221, 225 and 223 are the plates for capacitors 222 and 231.

Mounted also on panel 221i is coil 23S connected to plate 236, coil 234 connected to plate 233, coil 230 connected to plate 223, coil 224 connected to plate 221. Plates 233 and 236 are provided with extensions 400 and 401, respectively, which protrude outwardly from panel 221) so as to permit, as hereinafter described in connection with Figures 30 and 3l, tine tuning at ultrahigh frequencies.

These extensions 406 and 401 pass through the previously mentioned openings 386. Also, as clearly shown in Figures 8 and 9, injecting device 24@ consists of a conductive wire (see Figure 8) having coupling loops 241 and 242 at its two ends in close proximity to plates 223 and 233, respectively (see Figure 9) for coupling the output of the oscillator into mixer 239.

In this embodiment of the UHF panels used in the present invention, the conductive plates are shown embedded in the plastic molding, the plastic molding being provided with a center longitudinal protruding portion 493 to permit accurate positioning of the conductive plates on panel 220.

When panels 220 are mounted on the supporting discs 341 and 342 (see Figures 7, 16, 30 and 31), opening 378 is engaged by ngers 365 so that the heads 366 of lingers 365 extend outwardly from turret 341) through opening 373. Also extending outwardly is the extension 396 and the capacitor plate extensions 400 and 413i.

Extension 345, or better its neck 331, is introduced in slot 344 of disc 341 so that the shoulders 383 of extension 235 will be brought against portion 358 of spring member 353 so that spring portion 353 will bias panels 22% toward the front and since the interior side of disc 341 is provided with the small extension 360, each panel 22@ once mounted cannot be removed through radial movement but must be rst pressed against the bias of the spring portion 358 and then moved from the turret by radial movement.

VBy this means, panels 22) are firmly secured to form turret 341B. In the interior of turret 341i and rigidly secured to shaft 310 are dielectric sleeves 436, 437 and 43S carrying, respectively, dielectric plates 269, 26S and 267 of capacitors 232, 231 and 222.

The front plate 341 of the UHF turret 341B, as previously mentioned, is secured to a sleeve or hollow shaft 359 so that rotation of the same will cause rotation of the UHF turret 340.

In order to rigidly tie together discs 341, 342, a metallic bridge 41) is provided (see Figure 7) approximate ly in the position determined by notch 346 (Figure 13). This bar 410 is appropriately riveted such as at 411 to plates 342 and 341, also riveted through rivets 412 to an extension 413 of shielding disc 391.

When notch 346 is engaged by the positioning device of the detent roller as described hereinafter, then because of the position of bar 410 the UHF turret will become inoperative and only the VHF section will be operative so that it is possible to see now that notch 246 corresponds with the position of VHF reception alone.

it should also be noted that in order to provide a really good grounding action and shielding action between the oscillator and the preselector portion of the UHF turret, a at conductive spring member 414 is connected on one side (not shown) to the shaft 310, while its at end (see Figure 7) is appropriately bent so that it always bears against the interior portion of shield 391 and thus provides a means for grounding the shaft 310 at that point, shielding well one section of the UHF tuner from the other and, therefore, improving the operation of the UHF section.

It should also be noted that in order to position properly the structure consisting of sleeves 486, 447 and the dielectric plates 267, 268 and 269, the dielectric structure is biased toward the front by a U-shaped spring 415 secured to rear plate 342 in any appropriate way, for example, by means of the previously mentioned rivet 411.

The positioning of dielectric elements 267, 268, 269 longitudinally on shaft 305 in turret 349 is quite important in that their position with respect to the rotor mounted plates 233, 236, 221, 225 and 228 is critical if the tuner is to operate at the desired frequencies.

The UHF turret 340 when mounted as shown in Figure 2 will have the opening 344 or the notch 346 of supporting disc 341 in engagement with the roller 417 mounted on a resilient iinger 418. Finger 418 is rigidly secured to chassis 305 through a screw 419 and a positioning extension 423. Through the detent action provided by element 418 and roller 417 over the outer surface of disc 341, it is possible to accurately position contacts 223, 226, 229, 235, 237 and to accurately position panels 220 with respect to the stationary contacts of this UHF turret.

Stationary contacts N, P, Q, R, S are mounted by rneans of rivets 420 to a dielectric supporting bar 421 (see Figure 25) which is in turn secured through bracket 422 to the chassis 305 of the present tuner. Mounted on the same bracket 422 and secured to it in any appropriate way is the grounding contact 392 for grounding shield 391 through its extension 390.

Secured to the front wall 425 of chassis 305 is an additional grounding contact 426 which is continuously engaged by the outwardly extending portions of conductive disc 341, thus providing a good ground for the disc 341 and, therefore, for the adjusting screws 348. Also mounted on the chassis and in position so as to be complementary and cooperating with shield 391 is a conductive shield 427 which extends transversely in chassis 305 to also divide the oscillator section of the UHF tuner from the preselector section.

By the provision of shielding means 391 and 427 it is possible to reduce considerably any oscillator radiation. When the tuner is mounted, the panel mounted contacts bear against the kidney spring contacts N to S and through cooperation of roller 417 with notches 344 or 346, the rotary contacts gill engage the stationary contacts N to S always at tite desired preselected position so as never to change the inductance or the resistance of the path from the stationary contacts to the rotary contacts.

This is particularly important at ultra-high frequencies where any small shift of the contacts with respect to each other may produce detuning of the tuner.

It was previously mentioned that the stationary contacts A to M of the VHF section are mounted on a dielectric or insulating member 325 secured to chassis 305 in any suitable way, for example, through rivets. Contacts A to M, shown in detail in Figures 26, 27, 28, and 29 are made of a conductive spring material and while in one portion 428 they are completely flat, at another portion 429 they are channeled and bent at the two edges. The other end 428 terminates with an opening 430 which is engaged by the rivet 326 for mounting on supporting member 325, but the at member 428 continues at an angle to form portion 431 which as shown 1S in Figure 28 is provided with an opening 432 to which electrical components may be secured by soldering.

Figure 29 is a detail cross-sectional view showing how the channelinf of contacts A to M is made. Separating the two sections, one having contacts A to E, the other contacts F to M, that is the R. F. section from the oscillator section, is a shield 432 which in cooperation with detent disc 301 forms a shield between the oscillator section and the antenna section to reduce to the desired level oscillator radiation.

To make detent disc 301 a better grounding plate than would be obtainable through engagement of detent disc 301 by roller 363, a grounding spring contact 434 is secured to a bent portion 435 of stationary shield so that a least one of the portions of disc 301 which extends from its average radius will engage stationary grounding contacts 434 and thus provide a better ground.

Contacts A to M may occupy two positions as can be seen in Figures 23 and 24. In Figure 23 there is shown the position for VHF reception, that is, when contacts A to M engage the VHF turret contacts described in connection with Figures 36 and 37.

Since spring contacts A to M are actually preloaded, they will engage the rotary contacts with suilicient spring bias so as to obtain electrically good contact engagement and since as shown in Figure 23 in the position shown in that ligure the rotary contacts of panels 60 and 115 press on stationary contacts A to M, stationary contacts A to M are caused to deiiect from the position at which they would otherwise make engagement with contacts A to M of auxiliary assembly (see also Figure l).

in other words, the rotary contacts of VHF turret 300 in the VHF position of the present tuner displace stationary contacts A to M so that engagement is broken between contacts A to M and contacts A to M.

During UHF reception, on the other hand, when as described in connection with Figure l, auxiliary assembly 170 is used as the stationary circuit of the VHF section instead of the turret mounted elements while the turret is maintained at the same position, contacts A to M are moved upwarly in Figure 24 to engage the channeled portion 429 of contacts A to M. This movement or deection ot` contacts A to M caused by the motion of auxiliary assembly 170 causes the bending of contacts A to M at their fiat portion 428 as clearly seen in Figure 24.

Under such conditions (contacts A to M are biased against contacts A to M very strongly, but contact is broken between contacts A to M and the rotary contacts of the VHF turret 300.

As described hereinafter, this contact change is made possible in the novel manner by the cam of the present invention.

The auxiliary assembly 170, the electrical components of which were described in connection with Figure l, consists of an insulating board 440 carrying the auxiliary contacts A to M. Insulating support 440 is secured in its turn 4to a metallic member 442 which is provided with extensions 443, 444 of which extension 443 passes through the back wall 445 of chassis 405 and is pivoted there, while extension 444 passes through shield 446 between the VHF section and the UHF section and is also pivoted in an appropriate opening of shield 446.

Member 442 is angularly shaped so that while the portion 447 carries the electrical components in connection with Figure l, the other portion 448 serves together with its extensions 443 and 444 as a means for operating auxiliary structure 170 in either one of its two positions. Portion 44S of conductive structure 442 is provided with the recess 449 to which a grounding spring contact 450 may be secured, for example, by soldering.

Also, plastic portion 448 is provided with a recess 451 in which an insulating button 452 is mounted in any suitable way. Insulating button 452 moves together with assembly 170. At one end of portion 448 is an angular extension 454 which is provided with an opening 455 en- 

